Rapidly progressive melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5–positive amyopathic dermatomyositis in an HIV-positive patient

ART: antiretroviral therapy CADM: clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis DM: dermatomyositis ILD: interstitial lung disease MDA5: melanoma differentiationeassociated protein 5 MFU: median fluorescence units INTRODUCTION Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that can affect children and adults and is characterized by muscle inflammation and characteristic cutaneous findings. In addition to multiorgan involvement, adult patients with DM may have up to a 30% risk of associated malignancy. Clinically amyopathic DM (CADM) accounts for approximately 20% of all cases and is diagnosed based on the presence of pathognomonic cutaneous involvement. Antibody against melanoma differentiatione associated protein 5 (MDA5)was recently found to be specific for CADM associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD). To our knowledge, there are no other cases of MDA5-positive CADM in an HIV-positive patient. However, multiple cases of classic DM have been reported in seropositive patients and are summarized in Table I.